There Really Must Be DNA Testing

 It took many years to acquire specimens of what were the last vestiges of Old British fox and Old wild cat. The Colquhoun Mountain/Greyhound fox is seen as the classic example and my colleague LM managed to acquire it through sheer luck.   Colquhoun, at the time a very noted naturalist-'sportsman' described the fox as being a perfect example of the species. It was killed during the 1830s -a period during with the three Old type foxes were heading intro extinction.

Placed next to a full grown coyote taxidermy specimen the fox stands much taller -all accounts and records note its large size and wild nature -similar foxes were imported from Norway in the late 19th century when it became extinct.

When the land bridge between Britain and Europe (Doggerland) was flooded 8-10,000 years ago all UK species became island species and developed into such and the wolf would have developed into a distinct sub species and was noted for being large rather than attaining island "dwarf" status. 

The fox developed for the terrains it was to fit into. The Common or Cur fox stayed close to human habitation and was known as the smallest of the species. The Hill or Mastiff fox was much larger and heavily built for the environment it inhabited and rarely ventured down into valleys unless its hunt for food required it to.

The Mountain or Greyhound fox moved through mountains, swamps, forests and was known for its strength, stamina and that meant a lot for hunts who relished the chase and endurance as much as the kill. Mountain foxes existed and were hunted to extinction on the island of Ireland and British mountain foxes were later sent as "gifts" to Irish hunts. The foxes of Ireland, itself separated from Britain when its land bridge  sank would also have been a specific sub-species.

Looking at all of the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries archives by naturalists, 'sportsmen' and better known quadruped specialists the Old mountain fox filled the niche between wolves and the regular fox. A niche filled in the Americas by the coyote and in Europe and elsewhere the jackal.

There is little doubt that the Old British mountain fox was a fox -in the past before testing there were many often silly suggestions as to its origins- and that similar foxes existed in Western/Central Europe. The Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) gradually moving from the East into Europe along human migratory routes. Taxidermy specimens are rare to find due to age or lack of interest. No single museum in the United Kingdom or N. Ireland/Eire possess any specimens. I know because I communicated with each and every one of them and the oldest foxes they had were post 1900.  The Extinct Fox and Wild Cat Museum (EFWCM) has the largest collection including two foxes from the noted French naturalist Sarrazin -which may be either the first examples of old North American fox or specimens of Old European fox.  

Similarly, in the 1830s, Colquhoun also shot what are thought to have been the last pair of Old wild cats from Scotland before the European wild cat was introduced for hunting and then interbred with feral domestic cats. The Old wild cats were known in  as "The English Tiger" but after extinction that title moved north to be adopted for "the Highland Tiger" of Scotland. 

These cats were much bigger than the wild cats of today, were sandy/yellowish and had "tiger stripes" and were so powerful that hunters attached metal spiked leather collars to their hounds as hounds could be easily killed by the cats.  Human fatalities were also known as the cats gave no quarter when bordered or wounded.

The Colquhoun cats are probably the last of the genetic line and, again, there seems to be evidence that such cats existed in Western Europe (we know of a specimen at a museum in Ireland that looks to be Felis lybica in origin and was probably introduced there during the Iron Age).

Without going into overlong hypothesis the Old wild cat would be a distinct species that was killed off and later replaced by what we know as the European wild cat of today.  This makes sense since Ireland, Britain and Europe were once joined and animals roamed freely with no obstacles in their way.

What we do not have, because of the lack of museum specimens (there is an 1845 British fox in a Netherlands museum)  is any DNA test results because of that. DNA results could well re-write British, Irish and European natural history on these two species.

No labs seem interested in testing samples and such tests are beyond any finances we have. 

It Has Been A While -Who Cares?

 Apart from a while living in Germany I was born and raised in Bristol. From an early age I had an interest in wildlife from the smallest insect to the largest mammal. I think it amused my gran when I used to pick up worms from her garden in St Werburgh's and just hold and examine them.

St Werburgh's was great as we lived in Sevier Street with the brook and Mina Road Park to our rear. The odd owl landing on the window sill at night was "fun" (huge glowing eyes outside the window); I interacted with a pretty smart jackdaw and even observed a large caterpillar that after all of these years (I was about 10 years old at the time) I have never been able to identify what species it was.

In 1975 whilst walking to work down Pennywell Road I saw by first fox out in the daylight (it was around 0630) -not far behind it was a pursuer: a chunky black and white tom cat that looked determined to teach "that damned dog" a lesson for coming into its area. A year later I set up the British Fox Study here in Bristol. I also looked into wild cats and badgers. In 1977 I was rather accidentally drawn into exotic animals and spent 1977-2018 acting as a UK police forces wildlife consultant (and later as part of the Partnership Against Wildlife Crime -PAWS).

Yes, I did get interviewed in newspapers 9national and regional) and even on local, national and non UK (Australia and Forces Radio Europe) on my work.

So I started out all those decades ago and tried as best I could to avoid publiciity while I also helped people build wildlife pounds, remove the odd adder that had wandered into their garden and tried to persuade local authorities (Conservative, Labour and currently the very non Greens) to help do more for the environment and help conserve our rapidly dwindling wildlife.

I had the first ever post mortem study into fox deaths set up in Bristol which yielded some interesting results. Outside the UK I am known for my research on canids and felids -particularly extinct ones and I managed to identify which fox inhabited Hong Kong before hunting drove it extinct -something naturalists there had been unable to do.

In 2000 I wrote a paper that clearly stated there WAS a genuine Corsican wild cat (aka "fox-cat") -science caught up with me about five years ago!

I have researched and discovered what the original British fox looked like as well as the wild cat -al archived and published for posterity.

British academia's response? "You aren't with a university are you?" which is their way of saying "you ain't part of the club". Far more interest outside the UK.

The question I keep getting asked by people who wonder WHY I still do all of this with no financial reward or official recognition (I liked it when someone pointed out that a lady who was a public toilet attendant for 30 years got an MBE for her work but "You just get tones of ------ thrown at you!" -it stops any ego developing)

From the 1970s when things were bleak -the Energy Crisis and power cuts- to the 1980s when people seemed to be trying to at least do something to save the environment and wildlife we have seen, since the late 1990s, a downward spiral of not many caring about all of the UK species going extinct, all the trees being cut down and Green Spaces grabbed for selling off.

Local authorities and national governments all have the same mantra: "**** wildlife and the environment -there is money to be made!"

When I am gone very few are going to even know about the work I have done. The UK as a whole doers not care what is going on outside of TV or on the internet. Otters, badgers, foxes and deer are all piling up on the roadside (former wildlife track) but build under or over passes for wildlife to cross? No. That would cost money -it's just wildlife after all.

STOP! CHECK! REPORT!

 

We hit 100 dead foxes (reported) in Bristol on Wednesday. Today I listed foxes 101 and 102 and awaiting info on (possibly) 103.

When vixens die and they are lactating then cubs die. We've had cases in the past of where very young cubs have just been seen wondering about eating any vegetation they can -usually twigs.

Whatever part of the country you are ion (or outside the UK):

PLEASE do not be that ignorant "I really do not care" driver/walker. If you find a dead fox or collapsed fox check if it is lactating (extended teats) and REPORT it asap as cubs may need rescuing.

It;s Earth Day -The Planet Is Saved?

"Earth Day"

Earth is here for more than one day. Fund raiser, chance to get attention for whatever.

BUT there are people who try to save the environment and species 365 days of the year, every year. That doesn't matter, though as the "big bodies" don't make cash from them.

CARE about the planet 365 days a year not do something one day and feel proud you have "just saved the Earth"

In fact, for the UK it is just two faced hypocrisy as people dig up hedgerows and trees are cut down to make drive ways for their cars or gardens are concreted over because "less hassle to maintain" and wildlife homes are destroyed because "We want the fox and cubs out so we can put down new decking/a new shed" and "How do I get rid of the badgers in my garden?"

To put it bluntly; the UK is a shit hole when it comes to protecting the environment and wildlife and I've been working on this 50 years so I've seen the rot set in.

100th Fox Death

 

It is sad to think that it is only the 22nd April and we have reached 100 dead foxes reported. With lactating vixens dying the death toll would be much higher if we knew the number of cubs they had that would die once the mother was gone.

100              Wednesday 22 04  2026   Stoke Bishop Bristol BS9 1DZ

Vixen 4.7kg Collapsed in a garden. Strong smell of infection but no external wounds.

After arriving at vets puss like blood came out of nose Vet wasn't sure but fox was too poorly to save Pts at Highcroft Shirehampton

Mass poisoning of wolves in Italian national park

 A pack of five wolves was found dead near the Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo Lazio e Molise in central Italy, sparking an investigation into a potential mass poisoning.

According to a Facebook post from the national park, a park ranger found the dead wolves while on patrol in the San Francesco area on Wednesday, April 15. The park's Anti-Poison Dog Unit was called in to investigate the area and discovered "remains that suggest the presence of poisoned bait."

Two wolves standing in a grassy forest clearing facing forward.

Getty

The bodies and suspected bait were seized by the Sulmona Public Prosecutor's Office, which will also be leading the investigation into the responsible party. On April 16, the materials were transferred to the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Abruzzo and Molise headquarters in Avezzano, Italy, for further examination into the wolves' cause of death.

As noted in the post, this is the second recent incident of a suspected mass poisoning in the area within days, the first occurring in the Pescasseroli area. In that event, the death investigation was a coordinated effort between the park's rangers, the Carabinieri Forestry Corps, and the Sulmona Prosecutor's Office.

"These are extremely serious acts that deserve firm and unequivocal condemnation, not only because they are illegal," stated in the post, "but also because they damage a priceless natural heritage and are incompatible with an informed and responsible civil society."

The post also highlighted the growing, controversial debate over the management of the wolf population, as the species threatens the local Marsican brown bear, described as a "symbolic and particularly vulnerable species whose conservation is a priority." The park warned that though the wolf is a threat, "any form of illegal action and do-it-yourself justice" will not be accepted.

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Officials will continue to investigate the area for further evidence of poison bait, and also stressed the importance of the community's cooperation to discourage and prevent the use of poison baits against wildlife.

As highlighted by the park: "Only through the joint commitment of institutions and civil society can we effectively combat such serious and unacceptable phenomena, which have no place in a civilized and informed community in 2026."

Should I just Give UP?

  Was going to write a post but got distracted and checked three of the fox/canid blogs blogs for all time views:

Total views on the blogs is 192, 239.

Sales of The Red Paper................ 0

That quite literally drained my energy so no post!

Over 192K views of the blog but no interest in the actual published work?